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虚拟语气 I. 条件句中的虚拟1)虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。2)条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。16.1 真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表:例如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来,会带小提琴来的。 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:16.2 非真实条件句 1)虚拟语气可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况,时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。a. 与现在事实相反的假设 例如:If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿,会帮助你的。含义:They are not here, they can’t help you.b. 与过去事实相反的假设 例如:If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话,我会把这件事告诉他的。含义:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想: 例如If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了,一切都会好的。 If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.含义:You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.III. 虚拟条件句的倒装 1.) 虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首,实行倒装。例如 1.Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。 2. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点,就碰到他了。 3.Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。例如: If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。 典型例题 _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do。
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